I'm surprised that you could get a modem pair to connect with a plain wire. An old dial telephone (e.g. a 500 set) was an entirely passive device, relying on power from the central office end of the wire. The carbon mic didn't need an amplifier - it's just a resistor, with resistance varying according to sound pressure; a transformer subtracted out the mic from the combined signal and sent the difference to the speaker.
I did a quick search on 1670 schematics and came up with very little. Note however that several sources identify the USR101 chip as a ROM - that's clearly not the case, as a schematic shows no address or data bus, and you can see a line from the coupling transformer to an RC network and several pins on the device. It's almost certainly the analog front end and the modulator/demodulator.
If you could find a datasheet for that device you'd probably be able to figure out how the whole thing works, but I'm guessing those were never available to the public and have been lost to the mists of time.
Battery power on common battery phones (in a common battery phone there isn't actually a battery, the terms here are mostly historic) is required for a carbon transmitter to work and, for DTMF dialing, it's used by some DTMF keypads. But battery isn't actually that important to most modern phones, which use ADC/DAC instead of an analog audio setup. Modems are similar, they have their own audio electronics that rely on their external power source. That's a good practice in general because battery power on phone lines is pretty variable and not always very clean, so you don't want to run ICs off of it if you can avoid it. The current is also too limited to use it for much, even indicator lights will run into certification problems.
The issue with the USB modems might actually be a bit different... more frequent use of single-pair digital business telephone systems in the '90s lead to problems with people connecting them to conventional modems. Some of these digital systems used unusually high battery voltages (sort of a PoE-esque method of providing meaningful current to the desk phones for their lights and displays), and there was a concern that they could damage the ADC on modems. So a lot of newer modems actually check the voltage on the line before they connect the audio electronics to it, as a safety precaution. There's an AT response that indicates that the modem is unhappy with the line voltage and I tenuously remember that at least some modems have an AT command to defeat this protection and make them connect anyway. Digital Line Detect is what the feature is usually called, but you might more generally call it a line voltage check.
I used to work at an ISO in 1997 and we tested Mototola Sufr 28.8 and USRobotics Sportster 33.6 modems this way, just a short pair between them back-to-back. ATX1D on one side, ATA on the other, connection established.
However, recently a friend of mine tried to use the same trick with two USB modems from Trendnet and it failed. It seems they either don't have oomph enough or they rely on 9vdc off-hook carrier voltage to work.
Cool! I was an intern with the modem folks at Motorola Codex back in the 80s; I probably worked with some of the folks who did the data path on that one.
(hmm, actually by that time it's likely that all the Codex tech had been killed, and your modem came from the Motorola UDS folks in Huntsville. Makes sense - Motorola Codex couldn't build a $500 modem to save their lives, never mind a $100 one, and a lot of the folks interested in building consumer modems left to found Zoom Telephonics)
> 9vdc off-hook carrier voltage to work
In the US it's nominally 48v, although it drops to a small fraction of that with any significant (or even fairly insignificant) load.
I'm sure I found the same sources you just did. USR101 is surely not a ROM by this [0] schematic because the speaker audio goes directly to one of the pins on it - that doesn't seem right.
I guess enough signal makes it through T1 to let it work on dry lines. That sort of thing isn't unheard of [1]. I used to mess around with obsolete dial up modems as a kid and I could definitely get them to connect with just wires - sometimes. It didn't always work, and some modems would not work with other ones, etc.
The weird thing here is the 1670's second long pulses. Maybe it would do something else if connected to a real phone line? I'd surely try it myself but I only have a 1660 modem on hand.
Minor nit, the provided link shows 100Mbps, not 1Gbps. That being said, if the article is taken at face value, running 1Gbps would likely also be possible with a similar setup.
Some modems want to detect the line before they will work (voltage and/or dialtone), but if you can get past that with settings or a battery/etc, I'd think you can just listen and send audio on a plain wire and it should work.
It might be trying to detect dial tone, then hanging up and trying again after a second or so - the click would be the mechanical relay you see in the schematic. (note that standard phone lines don't send dial tone until they detect an off-hook condition, i.e. current flowing down the line. Even then, older exchanges had a limited number of "dialers", and wouldn't send dial tone until one had been connected to the line)
Sounds a bit like constructive interference between two sound sources that are almost the same frequency but not.
Or RC “ringing”. That click stopping the sound makes me curious to see a plot of bytes per second sent and received. Is the modem resetting itself every time it clicks and introducing a small pause or data loss? Or is it completely divorced from the sound.
These modems don’t have fans built in right? If you isolate the speaker does it still make the noise?
That click stopping the sound makes me curious to see a plot of bytes per second sent and received. Is the modem resetting itself every time it clicks and introducing a small pause or data loss?
There is no data being sent or received yet when it makes this sound; as soon as it dials and starts handshaking it goes away. You can hear that here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-ChICic2TA
EDIT: actually that's only partially true -- in the video above it's still making the noise when the dialling is happening. It disappears as soon as it detects a carrier from the other modem. This is weird because the click really sounds like a relay and the function of the relay should be to hang up the connection. Obviously, hanging up while in the middle of dialling is not a good idea.
According to this [0] schematic, there is a relay present. Looks like it's job is to be the hook switch for the phone. The recording sounds like the characteristic ping of a reed relay to me, so it seems like it's hanging up and then going off hook again every 1.2 seconds. Not sure why it would be doing this - maybe it's trying to get a dial tone? Is it smart enough for that?
Yes, I believe so. You can't expect dialing to work until you've received dial tone, and with older equipment [on the phone company side] there might be a significant delay.
I'm surprised that you could get a modem pair to connect with a plain wire. An old dial telephone (e.g. a 500 set) was an entirely passive device, relying on power from the central office end of the wire. The carbon mic didn't need an amplifier - it's just a resistor, with resistance varying according to sound pressure; a transformer subtracted out the mic from the combined signal and sent the difference to the speaker.
I did a quick search on 1670 schematics and came up with very little. Note however that several sources identify the USR101 chip as a ROM - that's clearly not the case, as a schematic shows no address or data bus, and you can see a line from the coupling transformer to an RC network and several pins on the device. It's almost certainly the analog front end and the modulator/demodulator.
If you could find a datasheet for that device you'd probably be able to figure out how the whole thing works, but I'm guessing those were never available to the public and have been lost to the mists of time.
Battery power on common battery phones (in a common battery phone there isn't actually a battery, the terms here are mostly historic) is required for a carbon transmitter to work and, for DTMF dialing, it's used by some DTMF keypads. But battery isn't actually that important to most modern phones, which use ADC/DAC instead of an analog audio setup. Modems are similar, they have their own audio electronics that rely on their external power source. That's a good practice in general because battery power on phone lines is pretty variable and not always very clean, so you don't want to run ICs off of it if you can avoid it. The current is also too limited to use it for much, even indicator lights will run into certification problems.
The issue with the USB modems might actually be a bit different... more frequent use of single-pair digital business telephone systems in the '90s lead to problems with people connecting them to conventional modems. Some of these digital systems used unusually high battery voltages (sort of a PoE-esque method of providing meaningful current to the desk phones for their lights and displays), and there was a concern that they could damage the ADC on modems. So a lot of newer modems actually check the voltage on the line before they connect the audio electronics to it, as a safety precaution. There's an AT response that indicates that the modem is unhappy with the line voltage and I tenuously remember that at least some modems have an AT command to defeat this protection and make them connect anyway. Digital Line Detect is what the feature is usually called, but you might more generally call it a line voltage check.
I used to work at an ISO in 1997 and we tested Mototola Sufr 28.8 and USRobotics Sportster 33.6 modems this way, just a short pair between them back-to-back. ATX1D on one side, ATA on the other, connection established.
However, recently a friend of mine tried to use the same trick with two USB modems from Trendnet and it failed. It seems they either don't have oomph enough or they rely on 9vdc off-hook carrier voltage to work.
Cool! I was an intern with the modem folks at Motorola Codex back in the 80s; I probably worked with some of the folks who did the data path on that one.
(hmm, actually by that time it's likely that all the Codex tech had been killed, and your modem came from the Motorola UDS folks in Huntsville. Makes sense - Motorola Codex couldn't build a $500 modem to save their lives, never mind a $100 one, and a lot of the folks interested in building consumer modems left to found Zoom Telephonics)
> 9vdc off-hook carrier voltage to work
In the US it's nominally 48v, although it drops to a small fraction of that with any significant (or even fairly insignificant) load.
I'm sure I found the same sources you just did. USR101 is surely not a ROM by this [0] schematic because the speaker audio goes directly to one of the pins on it - that doesn't seem right.
I guess enough signal makes it through T1 to let it work on dry lines. That sort of thing isn't unheard of [1]. I used to mess around with obsolete dial up modems as a kid and I could definitely get them to connect with just wires - sometimes. It didn't always work, and some modems would not work with other ones, etc.
The weird thing here is the 1670's second long pulses. Maybe it would do something else if connected to a real phone line? I'd surely try it myself but I only have a 1660 modem on hand.
0 - https://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/schematics/misc/1670...
1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound-powered_telephone
People used to use barbed wire fence for phone lines.
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/barbed-wire-telephone-...
As of 2019, there were places in Arizona and New Mexico where telephone line was still run along the top of fenceposts, alongside the barbed wire.
Here's 1gbit running over 8 strands of barbed wire: https://www.sigcon.com/Pubs/edn/SoGoodBarbedWire.htm
Minor nit, the provided link shows 100Mbps, not 1Gbps. That being said, if the article is taken at face value, running 1Gbps would likely also be possible with a similar setup.
It doesn't even need a wire - wet string is enough: https://www.revk.uk/2017/12/its-official-adsl-works-over-wet...
ADSL works completely differently than audio as described by pjdesno.
Kids these days with their fancy copper wire, back in MY day we used CANS and STRING.
See https://hackaday.com/2024/11/19/dial-up-internet-using-the-v... for a description of a telephone line simulator.
Some modems want to detect the line before they will work (voltage and/or dialtone), but if you can get past that with settings or a battery/etc, I'd think you can just listen and send audio on a plain wire and it should work.
Yeah, getting a direct-wire modem connection always seemed like one of those things that shouldn't work but somehow does
It might be trying to detect dial tone, then hanging up and trying again after a second or so - the click would be the mechanical relay you see in the schematic. (note that standard phone lines don't send dial tone until they detect an off-hook condition, i.e. current flowing down the line. Even then, older exchanges had a limited number of "dialers", and wouldn't send dial tone until one had been connected to the line)
For me these little quirks of vintage tech are always fascinating
Sounds a bit like constructive interference between two sound sources that are almost the same frequency but not.
Or RC “ringing”. That click stopping the sound makes me curious to see a plot of bytes per second sent and received. Is the modem resetting itself every time it clicks and introducing a small pause or data loss? Or is it completely divorced from the sound.
These modems don’t have fans built in right? If you isolate the speaker does it still make the noise?
That click stopping the sound makes me curious to see a plot of bytes per second sent and received. Is the modem resetting itself every time it clicks and introducing a small pause or data loss?
There is no data being sent or received yet when it makes this sound; as soon as it dials and starts handshaking it goes away. You can hear that here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-ChICic2TA
EDIT: actually that's only partially true -- in the video above it's still making the noise when the dialling is happening. It disappears as soon as it detects a carrier from the other modem. This is weird because the click really sounds like a relay and the function of the relay should be to hang up the connection. Obviously, hanging up while in the middle of dialling is not a good idea.
Sounds (figuratively, not literally) like a feedback loop when the SNR is zero.
I'd totally believe a modem from the 80's was lacking a sophisticated Control System for the idle state.
Sounds like it could be a mechanical relay clicking. Is it actually coming from the speaker?
According to this [0] schematic, there is a relay present. Looks like it's job is to be the hook switch for the phone. The recording sounds like the characteristic ping of a reed relay to me, so it seems like it's hanging up and then going off hook again every 1.2 seconds. Not sure why it would be doing this - maybe it's trying to get a dial tone? Is it smart enough for that?
0 - https://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/schematics/misc/1670...
Yes, I believe so. You can't expect dialing to work until you've received dial tone, and with older equipment [on the phone company side] there might be a significant delay.
Sounds like your Vic 20 and/or power supply isn't shielded very well and its making your speakers do weird things.
Every 1.2 seconds, though?
A thought: maybe the pulse could be some sort of link status probing? e.g. "is this thing plugged in?"
You know you're an are old nerd when you see 1670 and immediately think VIC-20. I never even owned a 1670 - just lusted over them in magazines.
Sounds similar but very faint to an Atari 800 tape loader (400 baud) tiny data packets with gaps for demarcation.
Testing for echo? Impedance calibration?
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