You know, I searched this article for "China" and "India" (each of whom have over 60 Gigawatts of coal-fired power plants completing construction over the next 24 months) and found nothing.
The world needs to either decide that we will confront the developing world and tell them they cannot build power plants like we did (unlikely), or start figuring out how to ameliorate the effects of the warming.
It is fundamentally unserious for smaller-population rich countries to think they can cut their own emissions enough to make a dent, unless they plan to return their populations to the pre-electric age.
Reading suggests that much of the coal-plant building in China of late is purposed as backup-only, and that their vast expansion of clean energy production overall is swallowing almost all power demand in that country. Accordingly, if you look at the figures we have, China's emissions are relatively stable in recent years.
According to the European Commission’s Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), China and India combined (~35.5% of the human population) account for roughly 38% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Which is indeed an overshoot, albeit not of terribly epic proportions.
However, per-capita - on both a 100-year-effect and a 20-year-effect timeframe - the USA is easily the leader in emissions per person, and the USA also records the largest absolute increases ongoing.
The figures, which already take the variable potency/effect of different gas types into account, show annual per-person greenhouse gas emissions (in CO2 equivalent) of 17.3 Tonnes-per-person (USA), 11.1 Tpp (China), 5.6 Tpp (EU27), 2.2 Tpp (India) on the 100 year impact scale.
On the 20 year impact scale ("the amount 1 person releases in 1 year will trap the same amount of heat as XX tonnes of pure carbon-dioxide would"), which much better takes into account the balance of current agricultural practices etc, the USA = 21.5 Tpp, China = 15.8, EU = 6.8, India = 4.1.
The United States also recorded the largest absolute increase between 2024 and 2025 (+131.5 Mt CO2eq, or +2.2%), followed by Indonesia (+16.1 Mt CO2eq, or +1.2%).
So, any message which - when translated through the lens of practical reality - is essentially saying to the developing world "Please either tighten your belts, or be less populous" seems a very challenging expectation, if not outright-unviable by almost any other metric or ethic.
Upvoted for thoughtful info, though I would suggest using metric tons (t) rather than teslas (T) to make reading easier for us SI people.
America is the clear outlier. To their credit, Europeans have been doing pretty well. India “benefits” from poverty in this case. China’s also an outlier, but much of China’s emissions are products used by the rest of the world outsourced to China, which has basically become the world’s factory.
Europeans could have a legitimate gripe about other nations not doing enough.
Americans certainly cannot.
With a global economy where products are imported from elsewhere, local pollution statistics that do not include that indirect pollution as their own are meaningless. Energy imports are also being abused for report purposes.
This ignores how comparatively richer domestic economies in the developing countries have become and are continuing to become.
It isn't just cheap kotchkes being consumed by western consumers anymore.
Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese, Nigerian, Brazilian, and other consumers are also able to consume much more than they were 40 years ago (which is when most HNers appear to have been born).
40 years ago you'd be hard pressed to find plastic wrapped packaged food in a village in rural China or India. Now they're available everywhere.
40 years ago the only people who could dream of buying a car let alone a motorcycle or moped in those villages would have been local politicos. Now they are well within grasp for most households.
As large countries like India, Vietnam, the rest of ASEAN, and other regions are expected to grow in the 6-8% for at least the next decade, expect carbon output to also grow - not as the same degree as before, but still significantly nonetheless.
Most emissions come from transport and housing. Imports represent a relatively small proportion of the total.
Western consumers benefit from cheap products made by Chinese factories that have cheap labor and "negligible" environmental costs (i.e. factories don't need to pay to keep pollution to a minimum).
But yeah, you western consumer (I assume) point the finger at China, but when you're asked to pay more so your phone is made in a more environmentally-safe way, you'll balk and say "No way!". Maybe not you personally, but "you" the masses. Affordable flight to your next exotic country vacation vs sustainable vacation?
So the idea of environmental sustainability gets demolished the next time you pull out your wallet... meanwhile "China!", "India!".
And understandably, if these countries have to pay more so they can grow in a sustainable way, and they ask "Wouldn't it be fair if we ask the rich countries to pay for the past, where they grew in a ecologically destructive way?", the already rich countries reflexively say "No...".
See plenty of attention to the relative impact of US consumption below, but fundamentally you've got to get your own house in order before you start whining about your neighbor's. The US has largely refused to even think about addressing climate change through energy policy, we've been using the excuse you repeat for the last 30+ years. I think you are the person being unserious here.
China also deployed over 300 GW of solar last year, not to mention that EVs are really taking off there. I’d prefer if if they deployed zero coal, but I don’t think it’s the same as “building like we did”.
I don't disagree with you, but this is why nothing will happen and everyone has been planning for a 2-2.5C breach by 2050.
China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia. Brazil, Nigeria, and others are continuing to build out capacity. While this capacity is much more green than past buildouts, it's still in aggregate going to have a significant downstream impact on overall GHG emissions.
It doesn't matter who deploys more renewables or less when countries like China, India, and others continue to expand coal and ONG at reduced but still significant rates.
But they can morally push back and say North America, Europe and Japan industrialized via similar externalities.
And the reality is countries don't care. This is why China is now export controlling solar technology and IP [0] at the expense of India and other large members of the global south.
The reality is most countries are going to rush as much capacity as they can until the externalities can no longer be ignored en masse (probably by 2040-45).
[0] - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-10-16/china-mov...
Is existing solar tech insufficient?
Yes it's insufficient, and countries want to have the ability to build their own capacity.
And India as well as much of ASEAN view coal and ONG as core stopgaps or important intermidate inputs for their own industrialization efforts (eg. Steelmaking has hard dependencies on thermal coal, roadbuilding and concrete have hard oil dependencies as intermediate parts).
Much of the overall impact from GHGs comes from the hard industrial dependencies in fertilizers, steel, pharmaceuticals, and other heavy industries that countries need to industrialize.
In that way?
There's a lot of bizarre discussions on HN about energy, you can really get pulled into the weeds on various issues as it's a complicated issue.
But the clearest demarcation is the people who think dirty energy is cheaper than clean energy (or vice versa)
What about the poor people? What about the poor countries? What about industry keeping competitive?
All those questions flip once the price flips.
Personally I'm more worried about coal and gas interests forcing poor (and rich) countries to make unwise investments in fossil fuels so they keep getting a cut than I am about having to force them to move on from coal.
Who is this "we" that will confront people that use less when the "we" use massively more themselves.
per capita energy use in MJ ( Mega Joules)
USA 300,000 MJ per person.
India 28,000 MJ per person
China 130, 000 MJ per person
I was shamed by another parents for giving my 9 month old a bath a few years ago because it’s a waste of water. The corporate line of shifting blame onto the do-gooder consumer has been a stunning success
That’s crazy, what was the context? Like they said you were giving them too many baths? Did they not bathe their own kids??
No it was a comment about one bath the night before. They said it’s a tragedy to waste all that water by ever bathing a kid in a bathtub.
They bath their kid more efficiently, I guess.
Not like we filled the tub more than a couple inches, but oh well, we are the problem. And if everyone just recycles (DO YOUR PART!) that’ll do it!
Any plan that tells China and India "stay poor" is also fundamentally unserious. Why is it fairer for their populations to be without electricity than rich countries? You may wish for them to not burn coal but wishing doesn't do anything.
So. Do you propose to massively subsidize solar and batteries for all developing countries? That's the only thing that has a chance of working.
Anything else is dead on arrival. They will tell you politely to fuck off, and they will be in the right.
Without money how will they "ameliorate the effects of climate change"? Rich countries didn't help them prevent climate change, so why would poor countries think they'd get help to deal with it when it arrives?